"When the Taliban were Christians" is called a bell ' article Silvia Ronchey on Press, rightly points out that the early Christians were actually the extremists. Bishop Cyril, later St. by the Church, which is murder, literally cut to pieces by his fanatical monks, stupid and criminal as only certain monks can be, the great astronomer, mathematics and pagan philosopher Hypatia, a true genius of knowledge. Speaks of this movie Agora. which was shown at Cannes a year ago now (May 2009). But even in Italy and the United States was not a distributor willing to displease the ecclesiastical hierarchy, given that history, and is the true story reveals the violence of Christians, Muslims and non of the usual. One excessive zeal and naïve and clumsy, why is not boycotting a film that manages to hide one of the blackest pages in the history of Christianity. E 'was even signed an appeal to intellectuals to request the release of the film in Italy. However, a humiliating way if we think that we are not in the Middle Ages, as argued by the Church, but in 2010, even in our country can now see the movie. The review has Livio Ghersi.
NICO VALERIO
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Agora, directed by Alejandro Amenabar, the film is well made and intelligent. It is not just a story, a loose but credible reconstruction of real events, but bears a lesson. E 'further proof of fault determined by the fanaticism religious is a further warning to be on guard against religion transformed into an instrument of government in society. The theocracy is always rejected, even when the power is exercised by a bishop in the name of Jesus Christ.
Jesus crucified St. Peter crucify you with the head turned down because, even in death, does not want to be equated with his master, against whom you feel unworthy, Sao Paulo that he too suffered martyrdom. How was it possible, then, that after just three hundred years the "Christian", made strong by the fact that the emperor of Rome professed their own faith, to claim, with the systematic use of intimidation and violence, which does not was more allowed to publicly support any religious, or philosophical, as opposed to their faith?
With the theocracy is made a totalitarian social system. In Egypt, in the city of Alexandria, in the year 415 AD, was murdered in gruesome ways, by Christian fanatics, the "virgin" Hypatia .
In the first volume of his "History of philosophical and scientific thought" Ludovico Geymonat wrote that Hypatia was part of the Neo-Platonic school of Alexandria, was the daughter of the mathematician Theon of Alexandria, was a scholar of philosophy and mathematics and was murdered by "a crowd of Christian fanatics "(see Garzanti edition, 1970, p. 334).
When the bishop Theophilus was succeeded by Cyril (370-444 AD), the Church of Alexandria expressed unreserved its hegemonic will be against the pagans, that is, the worshipers of the ancient gods, whether in respect of the substantial and deep-rooted Jewish community. The pagan Hypatia
annoyed because, for its prestige as a teacher, had a public role. The defendants could not be licentious customs, being a nun of the corresponding secular: all voted for the wisdom and love for science.
In the film imagines the bishop Cyril as he reads the first letter of Paul to Timothy. This is one of the three pastoral letters, the apostle, in prison in Rome, wrote to Timothy in Ephesus and Titus in Crete to give them instructions and tips on how to govern the local churches. The passage of interest here, quoting in full, is as follows: "In the same way women do, by wearing decent attire: adorn themselves second modesty and moderation, not with braids and gold ornaments or pearls or costly array; but with good deeds, as befits women who profess piety. Let the woman learn in silence with perfect submission, not a woman to teach or to dominate man, but (want) to be in silence. For In fact Adam was formed first, then Eve "(1 Tim 2: 9-13).
Seeing the violence, the reconstruction film, make dei monaci fanatici, detti "parabolani", si avverte subito proprio la nostalgia delle parole di Gesù: "Io invece vi dico: amate i vostri nemici e pregate per quelli che vi perseguitano" (Mt, 5, 44-46). "Rimetti la tua spada al suo posto, poiché tutti quelli che mettono mano alla spada, di spada periranno" (Mt, 26, 52-54).
Nella vicenda di Ipazia si colgono, quindi, due elementi. Il primo è la possibilità di una lettura strumentale delle Sacre Scritture, nel perseguimento di meschini obiettivi politici. Tanto strumentale che la lettera delle Scritture finisce per essere in stridente contrasto con il complessivo spirito ispiratore del messaggio cristiano. Il secondo è il radicamento, nel Cristianesimo, di una view that relegates women to a subordinate and submissive. Although this view is confirmed by passages of the Old Testament and, as regards the New Testament, in the thoughts of some apostles (not words directly referring to Jesus), one can reasonably argue that in this case the scriptures reflect their mentality of the past and, therefore, of course destined to be overcome in the historical development. Keep it as if it were a timeless truth, amounts to a serious error.
Similarly, there must be a reason if the drawings of the building was expected to vary between men and women and has been provided for the need of sexual union between belonging to different sexes for the perpetuation of the species. Without women, humanity will become extinct, this simple consideration comes at least equal status with men. Moreover, Christianity has exalted the role of motherhood in the cult of the Madonna. If the Old Testament forth Eve from Adam's rib, the New Testament brings out the Son of God by a woman, Mary: "Blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus," reads a prayer familiar to most people.
From the story of Hypatia drew many topics is fighting religious fanaticism, like Voltaire, who both profess themselves free thinkers, the conclusions arrived more radical and materialistic, as the Irish philosopher John Toland (1670-1722). Today the same story can be used as another starting polemic against the Catholic Church.
are still immune from any anti-Christian reading of the film Agora those who, following a long tradition of thought, meaning inside the Church itself, are convinced that the spirit of Christianity commands to love our neighbor, not usargli violence that truth of the Christian faith are claimed by the witness of the conduct charged, but they can not be imposed.
Modernity has made a gift to the Catholic Church, freeing them from responsibility and burdens the exercise of temporal power, and allowing it to better characterized as a reference point spiritual. In the dialectic with the powers that be, the Church can make its best by appealing to the individual conscience, stating the reasons for the dignity of the human person, of acceptance of others, charity, peace. This is his role.
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The temporal and spiritual distinction is fundamental to the concept of the secular state. That respects all religious faiths, as well as all philosophical with a comprehensive view of the human world (in German, Weltanschauung ); this respect is reflected in the freedom of worship and is substantiated by the fact that the laws applied in a manner equal to all persons subject alla sovranità dello Stato, indipendentemente dalle fedi che professano, o non professano. I precetti religiosi valgono per i fedeli ed hanno l'autorevolezza che loro stessi gli conferiscono, osservandoli spontaneamente; le leggi obbligano tutti. Le autorità dello Stato laico hanno il dovere di impedire che i cittadini possano subire prevaricazioni o violenze per il fatto di non conformarsi alle prescrizioni della religione seguita dalla maggioranza della popolazione. In altri termini, è la tutela delle minoranze ciò che caratterizza un ordinamento improntato a princìpi liberal-democratici.
Un pensatore liberale italiano, Benedetto Croce, è ricordato come "filosofo dei distinti" per aver sostenuto che non ci può essere un criterio unico per giudicare i diversi ambiti di attività in cui si svolge lo spirito umano. Così il giudizio estetico, il ragionare del bello, è indipendente da considerazioni utilitaristiche, dal giudizio morale, da valutazioni politiche. Il giudicare del vero, che si utilizza per valutare la coerenza logica del pensiero, non è subordinato a secondi fini. La ricerca dell'utile, ossia del proprio vantaggio individuale, ricerca tipica nei campi dell'economia e della politica, si misura in relazione all'idoneità dell'azione a conseguire il suo obiettivo. Questa ricerca indirizza gran parte dei comportamenti pratici, ma non li esaurisce. Infatti, in contraddizione con la valutazione del proprio utile particolare, si possono pure porre in essere different behavior, inspired by moral judgments, that aspiration towards good, pursuing altruistic goals. Instead
religious fanaticism and totalitarian: it wants to reduce all the spiritual activity criteria for judging that his faith inspired him, as his brain, more or less gifted, and its culture, more or less coarse, interpret the same faith. That could bring more people with high spirit to completely different opinions.
A religious fanatic is not qualified to judge the science of Galileo for his heretical scientist is only the fact of not faithfully repeat old ideas, but supported by the authority of tradition. Repression della libera ricerca è repressione dello spirito umano. E' un peccato contro lo spirito. Questo il peccato commesso da chi spense l'intelligenza e la vita di una bella persona, quale fu Ipazia.
LIVIO GHERSI
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